COMPILING THE RESERVATION DETAILS

The final step in the reservation process is to complete the reservation reports.Reservation reports are just one kind of report which may be prepared and distributed to the management as well as o the other department of the hotel.

-expected arrivals and departure list

List of arrival and departure guest at particular date.

MAINTAINING THE RESERVATION DETAILS

It includes two points,

(a)Filling of original booking : After recording the reservation details in the reservation forms for the computer it is necessary to have a proper filling system for future references in any reservation system.The record is maintain in chronological order as per the date of arrival.

(b)Modification of reservation details : Occasionally by a chance or cancellation of a booking is requested.In this cases an amendment or cancellation form completed by the reservation staff and attached to the original reservation form and correspondence.

CONFORMING THE RESERVATION REQUEST

The attempt of the hotel at this stage is to confirm the reservation by means of seeking advance deposit.However,without payment to reservation may be confirmed through the available code.A conformation letter is typed and a reservation conformation no. is allocated,which acts as an evidence in the future.

DOCUMENTING RESERVATION DETAILS

If the reservation is accepted the reservation staff will complete the reservation forms including all details necessary information of the guest proposed stay.If the system is computerized details are recorded directly.

ACCEPTING OR DENYING RESERVATION REQUEST

After checking the room availability,the reservation staff will check either accepting or denying the reservation request.If the desired room and rate are available for the period requested than normally the reservation request will be accepted.However,reservation section may choose to denying the request for reservation in spite of its availability if:

-the rate desired is not at per.

-the hotel is sold out during the date requested.

-the guest / company requested the reservation is black listed.

DETERMINING THE ROOM AVAILABILITY

After receiving the information about the guest proposed stay.The next step of reservation procedure is to check room availability of the desired accommodation of the date,rate and room type requested.It IS necessary to closely monitor the volume of reservation accepted in order to prevent excess booking an effective reservation system should be used to determined room availability and they are,

-forecast board (occupancy forecast report)

-reservation chart (density and conventional chart)

-computerized system

ENQUIRY FOR RESERVATION

Hotel may receives the reservation enquiry in variety of ways.Reservation request may be made in person,ever the telephone,through the mail,via fax or telex,internet,CRS,e.t.c.Regard less of the source,the reservation personal will collect the following information about the guests stay through a process known as reservation enquiry.Following information is obtained about the guest purposed stay:A

-name of guest

-date of departure

-desired room type

-date of arrival

-required number of room

-special remarks

-desired room plan

-number of fax etc.

PURPOSE OF RESERVATION

Reservation can be defined as an agreement between clients and service providers for the services that are to be rendered in the future.The purpose of reservation is enumerated as under:

-For effective planning and to increase the efficiency of the given manpower,machine,money and material

-To sell the main product of the hotel,i.e. accommodation

-To fore cast future room occupancy

-To maximize occupancy at all times

-To save time and money

-To await the best of the facilities at money reasonable rate

-To built a Good report among the guest

-To up-lift the room sale during off season

-To secure payment in advance

-To help in marketing and sales promotion stages

TYPES OF RESERVATION

There are two types of reservation.They are given below:

(a)Guaranteed reservation:-

It means that a guest will guaranty to pay the room even it is not used.Unless the guest has fallowed hotels and pre-arranged conciliation procedure.It is a type reservation in which guest payment ,which could be the one day charge of a room and hotel keep their reservation for a specific period of time.If guest doesn't show according to the booking and doesn't sent the message then hotel take their advance payment as a penalty.Guaranteed reservation helps the hotel form not show.Reservation may be guaranteed in one of the following ways.

(a)Advance deposit

(b)Pre-payment

(c)Credit card

(d)Contractual agreement

(b)Non-guaranteed reservation:-

In this reservation guest doesn't have a guaranteed confirmation about the booking and hotel may not keep the room blocked for a long time.In non-guaranteed reservation hotel wait for a time limit which is 6:00pm evening.After that they released the blocked room for sale.

MODE OF RESERVATION

Hotel need to handle many reservation request by different ways.Irrespective of the type of enquiry mate,each enquiry must be received,recorded and processed,reservation request can reach a hotel through any of the give modes.

-Telephone

-Fax machine

-By letter

-Telegrams

-Telex

-Personality

-Computer with Internet option such www or e-mail

-Reservation network system

-Holider co-operated by the holiday Inn group

-High advantage co-operated by the management group

SOURCES OF RESERVATION

Request for reservation may confirm a number of sources.The most common sources are :

-Travel and tour operator/organization

-Airlines and transport company

-NGO'S and INGO'S

-Embassy and consulate offices

-Universities and educational institutional

-Ministers and other government offices

-UN organizations

-International banks

-Chain hotel and chain restaurants

-Free individuals travellers

MEANING OF RESERVATION

Reservation is a primary section of a front office department.it works as a hub this section.it's main job is to book the accommodation for guests.it receives enquiry,reserves the request of guest.it also work as a middle agent between the hotel (service provider)and guest or visitor (service taken).it also works for the conciliation of guest,request according to the requirement.

IMPORTANCE OF FEMALE EDUCATION

Nobody can deny the significance of the female education.Female education means education for women.Approximately fifty percent population of our country is women's population.So,if they are not educated we cannot progress our nation.We know that man and women are like two wheel of a cart.If one wheel is not in good condition we cannot smoothly drive the cart.Same problem we have to face if we cannot educate the women of our country.

female education has been neglected in our country since early days.In the past not only in village but also in urban area's parents neglected to the education for the women .But now a days the condition of female education has been gradually changed.We can see many girls in school level,campus and even in higher education and advanced education also.

We consider that, home is the first school of the children.Similarly mother is the first teacher for all children.There is a popular saying about the importance of female education.If we teach a man educate only only on individual but if we educate a woman we educate the whole family.

ABOUT STUDENT LIFE

We have various stages in our life.Student life is the most important period among such different stages.Our student life begins when we admitted in the pre-primary class.Our future depends on in this life.If we study well and seriously our future will be bright and prospers.

We have to perform or do many duties in the student life.But our main duties as a student is preparation of our lessons well and properly.In school,at home we ought to study with proper attention.Besides reading we should fallow discipline well.Studying is so tough and challenging task.So that,besides reading our text books,we have to study other reference books.It is not a right way of learning during the time of the examination only.We have to spend six hours for studying each day.Besides learning our lessons we must take part in different games.Games make us healthy.We all know that good health is a great asset of everybody.If our health is well we can do or participate in all activities.People say that good character is the ornament of everyone.Realising such facts we should form good character since our student life.

Students are back bone and future hopes of any nation.So that,they should feel their responsibilities and duties well.Government should provide opportunity of learning to the all people of its nation.

TYPES OF MARKET

A market can be categorized in different basis.There are several types of market.Among them major types of market can be classified on the basis of following features.
(1)on the basis of geographical area:
(a)local market
(b)regional market
(c)national market
(d)international market
(2)on the basis of volume:
(a)wholesale market
(b)retail market
(3)on the basis of delivery:
(a)spot market
(b)future market
(4)on the basis of control:
(a)regulated market
(b)unregulated market
(5)on the basis of function:
(a)mixed market
(b)specialized market
(6)on the basis of time:
(a)very short period market
(b)short period market
(c)long period market
(d)very long period market

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MARKET

Market is a place where buyers and sellers gathered together to buy and sell goods.The word market is derived from the Latin word Marcus which means merchandising made as a place where business is conducted.It means market is a place of locality where things are bought and sold ,buyers and sellers meet to affect purchase and sales.

Market is not only the place where goods are purchased ans sold but it is the process of exchange that supports to make the flow of goods from producers to the consumers.It is an agreement by providing an opportunity to exchange goods.Markets can be defined as fallows:

According to American marketing association (AMA)"Market is the aggregate demand of potential buyers for a product or service.''

According to kotler and Armstrong "Market is the set of actual and potential buyers of a products.''

IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING

This is the age of marketing.Marketing activities are parts of everyday life.Marketing plays very important role in the economy also.The importance of marketing can be listed as follows,

(1)Importance to consumers:

-standard of living

-value addition

-information

-assortment of product

(2)Importance to organization:

-demand management

-co-ordinated uses of resources

-objectives achievement

-environment adoption

(3)Importance to society:

-social well brings

-employment generation

-meet community needs

-economic gain

EVOLUTION OF MARKETING

The evolution of marketing is associated with the development of science technology and human society.So it can be studied in the context of human development.Evolution of marketing studied in fallowing stages:

-self sufficient stage

-exchange oriented stage

-production oriented stage

-self oriented stage

-marketing oriented stage

-consumer oriented stage

-management oriented stage.

FEATURE OF MODERN CONCEPT OF MARKETING

-It recognizes the consumers supremacy in the marketing.

-Creation of satisfied costumer is the main goal.

-It started with costumer and also end with costumers.

-Marketing research is the starting print and offering complete after sale services in the ending step of marketing.

-It adopts the system approach marketing.

-It provides the services after sale and goods.

MODERN CONCEPT OF MARKETING

Modern concept of marketing is developed due to traditional concept of marketing is narrow and unable to satisfy the consumers needs.Its focuses to produce the goods according to the consumers requirement and offers service after the sales of goods to satisfy the costumer's.This concept of marketing is consumer oriented where consumer satisfaction's gives high priority.

According to the American marketing association,"Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promotion and distribution of ideas,goods and services to create exchange that satisfy individual and organization activities.''

FEATURE OF TRADITIONAL CONCEPT OF MARKETING

-It ignores consumers needs and satisfaction.

-It doesn't after sale.

-It is started with production of finished goods and services and complete of sales and services is provided.

-It ignores the importance of marketing like as marketing mixed.

TRADITIONAL CONCEPT OF MARKETING

We need to understand the concept of marketing.We should have two concept ,traditional concept and modern concept.

Traditional concept : Traditional concept of marketing is simply related with the transfer of ownership of goods through physical distribution.It always focus on the delivery of products to the consumers.It is understand as known some definition of traditional marketing concept are given below.

According to marketing association "Marketing is the performance of business activities that directly flow off goods and services from producers to consumers.''

According to daddy,"Marketing is the economic process by which goods and services are exchanged and their values are determined in terms of money price.''

THE LARGEST BIRD OSTRICH

Ostrich is the largest bird in the world.They do not fly at all,but they can run very fast.They have big eyes and small broad beak.They have small wings.They spread their wings while walking ostriches live in dry plains and deserts.They normally eat plants and sometimes also eat small reptiles.Ostriches can live long without drinking water if they have enough green plants to eat.They have long and powerful legs.They use their legs to defense from their enemies.

INTRODUCTION OF MARKETING

Marketing is buying and selling of goods or services in the market.Marketing is between buyer and seller to transfer the ownership of product from seller to buyer from the term of money.Marketing is also known as the delivery of standard living because goods and services are delivered and exchanged in the market which provided maximum satisfaction and promotes the costumers living standard in the society.

It is comprehensive very wide and dynamic ,marketing includes various activities such as product planning and development,market research,pricing,distribution,promotion and other sales services.All this activities are related with satisfying consumers needs and demand.

MEANING OF COMMERCE

Actualy commerce is another part of business.It refers to the act of distributing of goods and services to the consumers according to their needs and wants.Traditionally,commerce is also being used in large area nowadays.It means, along with buying and selling of goods its also involves providingall other management sevices like transportation,insurance,banking and communication.Management of these services help to carry products from the industry to consumer.

So in conclusion,we can say that commerce is the organized system of buying and selling of goods with all activities,which help to perform trade .It is divided into two types discussed below.

(1)Trade : Trade refers to the act of bying and selling of goods with a view to earn profit.It is the mediator in between the producer and consumer.It is involved in buying goods from the producer and selling them to the consumers without changing the shape and size of goods.The people involved in performing trade are called traders.It is classified as home trade and foreign trade.

(a)Home trade : The act of buying and selling goods with in a boundry of a country for profit is called home trade.The trade performed in between buyers and sellers of kathmandu and biratnagar falls under home trade it is further divided into the following types:

-Wholesale trade : Whole sale trade refers to the act of buying in large quantity directly from producers and selling them to the retailor.It plays a role of mediator in between the producer and the retailor.People involved in performing wholesale trade are wholesalers.Wholesalers do not usually sell goods to final consumer directly.

-Retail trade : Retail trade refers to the act of buying goods from wholesalers and selling them to the final consumer.Here goods are solid for final consumption but not for the resale perpose .It plays the role of meaditor in between the wholesaler and the final consumer.People involved in performing retail trade are retailors.

(b)Foreign trade : the act of buying and selling of goods in between at least two countrier and more than that for profit is called foreign trade.The main feature of this trade is that goods produced in one country are sold and consumed in another country.Here the words import and export are used to indicate the words buy and sell of goods,respectively.Trade conducted in between nepal and america come under this type.It is further divided into the following types:

-Emport trade : It refers to the act of buying goods from a foreign country.The trader who buys goods from a foreign country us called importer.Its a trader of nepal purchases machinary from japan then it is said to be import trade.

-Export trade : It refers to the act of selling goods to foreign country.The trader who supplies goods to foreign country is called exporter.If a nepalese trader supplies handcraft to aamerica then it is export trade.

-Enterport trade : It refers to the act of importing goods from one country and exporting the same to a third country.So,here the trade is conducted at least among three countries.It our country imports readymade cloths from china and exports the same to india it is enterport trade.

(2)Management service : It refers to the act of providing and selling different that facilitate trade.It is not involved in buying and selling of tangible goods but provides easily.Services of banking,insurance,transportation,communication,advertising,warehousing are some example of management service.

MEANING OF AN INDUSTRY

Industry is a types of business.Industry refers to activities of business that produces goods and services by using various resources.Generally it produces products by processing and changing the shape and size of raw materials.These produced goods and services are consumed by final consumers or by other organizations for reproduction.for instance,the activity related to purchase of wool and weaving sweaters for sale is industry.Thus,the business activity of extraction,generation and conversion is called industry.

Considering the nature of products,industry can be categorized as fallows;

(1)Primary industry : The industry that produces products using raw materials drawn either from farming or natural resources is called primary industry.Usually,products produced by primary industry are further processed by other industries.It also can be further divided in the following divisions.

(a)Extractive industry : This industry involves in drawing out products from natural resources like soil,water and air.Fishing in the river,hunting in the jungle and mining are some of the examples of extractive industry.

(b)Genetic industry : The industry involve in producing products using the raw materials obtained from farming of plants,animals,livestock,fishery,bee-keeping is called genetic industry.Animal husbandry,poultry,forestry,plant nursery are some of the example of genetic industry.

(2)Secondary industry : The industry,which produces goods for the final use but not for reproduction purpose is called secondary industry.It uses products produced by primary industry as input or raw materials.Secondary industry also can be further divided as;

(a)Manufacturing industry : The industry involved in manufacturing ready made products from the raw materials or semi-manufactured goods is called manufacturing industry.Cotton industry,jute industry,paper industry and carpet industry are some of the examples of manufacturing industry.

(b)Construction industry : The industry engaged in constructive works like construction of road,bridges,buildings is called construction industry.Such an industry doesn't produce goods to sell them in the ordinary market.As per the order of costumer ,constructive activities are carried out at a fixed place using materials like rods,cement,brick produced by other industries.

IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS

Business is the back bone for the development of a country.It is not possible to imagine the development of a nation until and unless the business grows smoothly.We are witnessing America,japan,korea for ahead of our country.The solid reason of this difference is business.Thus,business has great importance.

(1)Economic development : Business helps the economic development of a country.The development of a country is totally based on the position of industry and commerce.It activates all economic sectors like industrial,commerce,banking,insurance,transport and warehousing,in this way,it mobilizes all idle resources in productive sectores and uplifts the economy of the country.

(2)Utilization of resources : Business uses all types of resources to carry out its activities.Human and other resources are utilized in the industrial and commercial sectors.Raw materials drawn from agriculture,forest and other resources are used by the industry to produce final consumer products.Business uses all natural and artificial resources available in the country.

(3)Creation of employment opportunity : business refers to the establishment of industrial and trading organizations in the world.Such organizations require manpower to carryout their activities.So,a great number of people get employment that decreases the unemployment problem in the nation.Besides this,business increases the living standard of individuals.

(4)Increase in government revenue ; Business helps to increase the government revenue because industrial and and trading organizations should collect and pay different forms of tax like corporate tax,excuse duty,VAT and others to the government.The most important source of collecting governments revenue is the tax,which depends upon the development of business in the country.

(5)Source of earning foreign currency : The development of business brings forth advanced technology in the country.Goods produced by using advanced and modern technology will be qualitative and meets international standards.As a result ,such goods can easily complete in the international market.Thus,the development of business increases the export of goods and services,which is the main resource of earning foreign currency in this way,business helps to earn foreign currency.

(6)Maintaing goods international relations : The development of business increases foreign trade,i.e import and export of goods and services.Because of it people of different countries come in contact with each other.It helps to maintain friendly and peaceful relationship between different countries.In this way,international relations can be maintained through business activities.

CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURE OF BUSINESS

Business needs to have some of its own identities and facts discussed as below.

(1)Economic activities : Business refers to minatory activities.Those activities of which value can measure in terms of money only are called business.Thus social,political and religious activities are not related as business.

(2)Dealing with gods and service : Business deals with goods and services.It satisfies costumers needs and wants by producing,buying and selling of consumers goods and services.Here, all tangible things are called consumer goods.Similarly ,services provided by teacher,layer,doctor are called consumers services as they do not sell tangible products to the consumers.

(3)Regularity in dealings : Business refers to the regular production and exchange of goods and services.For example,if om books centre kumaripati,supplies books and stationary materials to different schools in a regular manner then it is a business.

(4)Profit motive : business has the objective of earning profit.It is done only for providing services then it cannot be treated as business.For example,Ramesh makes a house at the cost rs.120,000 then it is business.But if he makes a house for his own purpose but not for profit then it is not called for business.

(5)Risk and uncertainty : No doubt,business is not done for profit.But there is not certainty runs at loss.change in the taste and demand of costumers,government business policy,competition and market condition,social constraints are some of the internal and external forces because of which business organization may have to bear loss.

THE MOST FAMOUS PANTING OF MONA LISA

Mona Lisa is the most famous panting prepared by Leonardo DA Vince.he was the greatest artist of Italy.he has prepare many types of paintings.Among those Mona Lisa is very nice and this painting is famous in the world.this painting is kept in the world greatest art museum louvre in Paris.

LARGEST ANIMALS OF THE WORLD

The largest animal in the world - blue whale

The largest land animal - bush elephant of Africa's

The tallest animal - giraffe

The largest reptile - saltwater crocodile

The largest snake - anaconda

The longest;reticulated-python

The longest fish - whale shark

The largest bird - ostrich

The longest insect - stick insect

THE HIGEST PEAK MT.EVEREST

Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.it is in Nepal.it is 8848m high. it has become the bride of the country Nepal.there are various mountain in Nepal.due to lying mount Everest in Nepal,it has been popular in the world.the environment around mt. Everest is very peace full.every year people are going to entertain themselves watching the attractive view of mt.everest.it is in Himalayan region of Nepal.it is also called sagarmatha.pasang Lhamu serpha was the first Nepalese woman who climbed mt.everest.she had succeed to climb the mt.Everest in her fourth attempt.foreigners are also interested to visit the sight of mt.everest.so that ,it has become the means of earning foreign currency.people can be engaged for guiding them due to this they are getting employment opportunity also.

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF BUSINESS

The word business is formed from the word busy.so in the general sense if human beings become by performing activities then it refers to business.but human beings become busy by performing economic and non-economic activities,related to religion,society and politic are non economic activities.they are not done for earning profit and not treated as business .in the same way ,activities related to the production and sale of goods and services regularly are called economic activities.such activities are directly related to money and done for earning profit.such human economic activities are called business.

According to prof.L.H.Haney "Business means the human activities directed towards producing and acquiring wealth through buying and selling of goods.''

According to Peterson and plowman, "Business may be defined as an activity in which different persons exchange something of value whether goods or services for mutual gain and benefits.''